A year after the October 7, 2023 attack and the outbreak of the "Iron Swords" war, the initial euphoria among the public in Gaza has shifted to deep feelings of despair due to widespread devastation, displacement from homes, and high casualty numbers. 

Criticism on Palestinian social media focuses on the hardships of life amid the ongoing conflict, uncertainty about the future, hunger, high food prices, and difficulty finding shelter and food. 

Much criticism is directed at Hamas, particularly towards the movement's leaders who are outside Gaza and seem unaware of the growing distress among residents. Following the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar, seen as the "architect" of the October 7 attack, Khaled Mashal, the leader of Hamas in exile, has become the main target of anger from residents in Gaza.

Alongside social media criticism, feelings of despair and anger towards Hamas are also reflected in public opinion polls showing low support for the idea of Hamas continuing to govern Gaza after the war, as well as low approval ratings for the October 7 attack and ongoing "armed resistance" against Israel. 

Despite the critical voices and frustration over the prolonged conflict, widespread public protest against Hamas in Gaza has yet to emerge. This is likely due to fear of retaliation, especially given Hamas's attempts to maintain its power on the ground, partly through the "Saham" unit of the Interior Ministry, which is ostensibly acting against looters and violators of order. 

It is also important to note that despite internal criticism of the leadership in Gaza, Israel is still perceived as the main enemy and described as a "cruel entity committing genocide."